India’s agriculture has transformed from food deficit to surplus, largely due to the Green Revolution, which introduced chemical fertilizers, high-yield crop varieties, and improved irrigation. While these innovations boosted productivity and global exports, they also led to soil degradation, environmental damage, and rising costs for small farmers. This has spurred a shift towards organic farming, driven by growing consumer demand for chemical-free products and supported by various governmental initiatives. Organic farming offers significant ecosystem services, benefiting both the environment and human health. Provisioning services include high-quality food production, with organic produce being safer and potentially more nutritious. Regulatory services are evident in improved air quality, water purification, pest control, and pollination. Organic methods reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate water pollution from nutrient runoff, and support biodiversity through natural pest control and pollinator habitats. Supporting services involve enhanced soil health, with organic farming increasing soil organic carbon, nutrient cycling, and microbial activity. These practices contribute to carbon sequestration and soil fertility, promoting sustainable land management. Cultural services include recreational and aesthetic benefits, as organic farms often provide opportunities for activities such as hiking and nature study, and contribute to the cultural and visual appeal of landscapes. This review paper emphasizes the multifaceted benefits of organic farming, highlighting its role in addressing environmental challenges and enhancing food quality. By synthesizing current research on ecosystem services provided by organic practices, provides valuable insights for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders aiming to support sustainable agricultural development.
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