This review paper explores the critical role of biofertilizers in enhancing sustainable agricultural practices, particularly within organic farming systems. Agriculture, a field encompassing diverse practices from crop cultivation to livestock management, has evolved significantly since its Latin origins. Today, sustainable farming demands practices that not only ensure high-quality food production but also safeguard environmental and economic viability. Organic agriculture has seen substantial growth globally, driven by its perceived health benefits and environmental sustainability. Biofertilizers, which utilize beneficial microbes to improve soil health and nutrient availability, present a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers. They enhance soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and promoting plant growth through natural processes. In India, where conventional farming faces challenges such as soil degradation and pollution, bio-fertilizers offer an eco-friendly solution that aligns with sustainable agricultural goals. Despite their benefits, the adoption of biofertilizers is hindered by issues such as storage sensitivity and formulation challenges. This paper discusses the current advancements in biofertilizer technology, their comparative advantages over chemical fertilizers, and the need for continued research to optimize their use and overcome existing limitations.
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